Productivity in the Roanoke Branch Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Profitability in the Roanoke Branch - Coursework Example As I development, I am writing to give subtleties of how the official group can help in turning around the descending winding of representative spirit and profitability. Foundation. As you will review, we lost two of our most experienced specialized representatives at Roanoke and other have revealed their goal to leave Phoenix. A vacuum will be made, which will be hard to fill. This is fit for lessening the quantity of a customer significantly in the following a half year. Our general yearly income will thusly diminish by 37%. This will additionally bother the impact of the financial crunch which has diminished commercial costs by 41% across the country, and 53% in North Carolina. Proposition. Given the abovementioned, I am proposing another way to deal with overseeing worker relations. This methodology involves three significant parts: making sure about representative responsibility, contest goals, and government assistance. The dedication of worker particularly the top administration representatives can be made sure about by setting up a two-way correspondence process which will assist supervisors with understanding Phoenix vision, crucial, and values and permit the official group at the central command. This can be accomplished during gatherings, visit briefings, bulletins, and fliers. Recreational and sports exercises can likewise be utilized for casual correspondences. The responsibility of representatives can likewise be improved by suitable acknowledgment of individual workers and teams’ accomplishments and endeavors. This will help in elevating the correct demeanor to work and drawing out the best in representatives. Sufficient acknowledgment ca n be given to workers through acclamation letters, praises and legitimacy grants, and the executives proposal conspire. Given the certainty of contentions among representatives at various classifications, the official group ought to build up clear channels for housing grumblings, speedily manage grievances and the activities taken imparted to workers so as to determine disputes.â

NSW Electricity Price Rises

Question: Talk about the NSW Electricity Price Rises. Answer: Presentation Power is a significant wellspring of intensity in Australia. Numerous family units depend on it for their day by day activities including lighting their private spots during evening. Numerous ventures use it to rum little apparatuses. It can in this manner be said to have an impact on monetary efficiency being the way that its a crude contribution for some creation; organizations are feeling an expansion to creation costs.[1] Since power is an utility decent, and its interest is value inelastic to costs, the providers has showcase capacity to impact its cost. This raises the worry of the legislature to direct the costs charged available. In many economies, a large portion of power providing firms are common syndications with government guidelines. This aides in guaranteeing that the buyers are not misused through significant expenses. For some previous years, the electric costs were going up though in some the cost went down. This paper will help in distinguishing some the elements l iable at affecting the power costs. Different hypotheses will be utilized in clarifying this conduct. The hypotheses incorporate gracefully and request speculations. At the point when the costs of power is going down holding every single other factor steady, it request must be high and an insufficiency in flexibly. Opposite, when the cost is going down, the interest is lower and the flexibly is high. In any case expenses of creation may likewise clarify the value varieties. Significant expenses of creation powers the providers to raise the cost of yield; lower costs are charged when expenses are lower. The paper will characterize the best approaches to guarantee that future supportability is guaranteed. For the organizations providing utility merchandise, for example, power, the costs charged are government directed. So as to distinguish non-serious conduct, the administration guard dogs are offered guidelines to persistently lead an electric cost review.[2] They do this by checking the practices of the retail providers, their overall revenues and whether they are offering the purchasers the best arrangements. A high overall revenue is a case of significant expenses charged on power and in this manner the ACCC intercedes. Mr. Kerin noticed that even with the administration directing the Australian utilities, the costs has kept rising. [3]The legitimate activity of the force advertise is guaranteed by the administration through making sure about of national electric framework. [4] Lane noticed this is the most recent governments move. The accompanying chart shows how the power bills has changed after some time. It tends to be seen that there has been an ascent in power bills for as far back as eight years. The bill has been continually expanding year after the other. This chart is a portrayal of Western Australia and it was noticed that the rate change in this diagram from 2009 to 2016 is 85 %. [5] This expansion in cost has likewise brought about expanded expenses for Australian firms. Until 2013, the power cost for firms has been rising inferable from the climbing costs. The components contended to be answerable at the rising power costs are the natural costs (carbon discharges) and the system costs. From 2013 to the flow time frame (2017), the diagram shows a steady costs at power and gas costs. In any case, the future projections show that the soundness will be lost and cost will keep rising. The cost for gas has not balanced out and its rising. This is raising worry on the capacity of the vitality segment to gracefully adequate amount at a moderate cost. The most recent figure of augmentation in carbon charges are exceptionally high. This augmentation has brought about costs for power going up as appeared in the graph.[6] The duty is intended to bring down the emanation of carbon gases as a procedure to improve atmosphere hazard the executives. One of the variables that Lane noted to be liable at the cost varieties is the privatization of this vitality part. SCOTT MORRISON contended that the regions that require some working for the economy to accomplish, vitality security, maintainability and moderateness are many. Weight must be applied on each procedure of the force framework to guarantee that an economical vitality that is progressively secure and increasingly moderate is accomplished. The force organizations might be constrained by the ACCC to give their buyers data. Path cited that The ACCC can really constrain power organizations to hand over data about buyers. In spite of the fact that this may appear as though there is no trust in the costs offered by the retail organizations, this is the essential job of the ACCC and along these lines ought wouldn't fret of what the organization under investigation may think. Flexibly side speculations The providers may utilize valuing procedures that would abuse the buyers just in light of the fact that the interest is inelastic and once in a while there are factors that constrains the amount provided by the organizations. This is the system Lane alluded to as cost gouging when he got some information about gouging? It implies that the providers raise their costs for utility merchandise when the interest surpasses gracefully. What prompted this scrutinizing it the way that a few organizations were noted to have had extremely extraordinary net revenue. Power suppliers are gouging costs on electric bills.[7] This has prompted numerous states fixing some enemy of cost gouging laws. This decides the greatest rate that the cost for utility merchandise might be brought up in the event that there is a lack. Providers are relied upon to watch this and charge no other cost over the counter gouging cost. At value P* and amount Q*, the balance is accomplished. During a catastrophe that causes deficiency, for example, the end of coal plants, gracefully would be lower than request and in this manner providers would gouge their cost to P1. Be that as it may, the legislature fixes value Plaw above P* however beneath P1. The lack is made as seen in the chart. The Australian economy is falling into a vitality emergency inferable from the conclusion of maturing coal plants Port Augusta a year ago in South Australia and Hazelwood in Victoria on this month;[8] it has forced the force supply.[9] Harmsen noticed that there will be a deficiency in the power flexibly in the new summer blistering days. He contended that costs are going to shoot up. His statement In South Australia, discount costs are consistently spiking to the market-permitted limit of $14,000 per megawatt hour is a pointer that the Australian government has forced a top on the power costs. This implies even with a flexibly lack, the cost will never go over the breaking point. This is like the counter cost gouging laws. The gracefully of intensity in Australia originates from different sources in extra to power; these incorporates sun based, batteries and coal. Coal has offered a noteworthy gracefully of intensity for long. In any case, the strategies of the administration on diminishing the degrees of carbon outflows has incredibly raised its expense of creation. Overwhelming expenses have been forced on carbon emanating ventures. Significant expense have contrarily affected the coal makers net revenues constraining some of them out of the market. Exit from the market will bring about low gracefully of intensity from this segment and accordingly there will be a lack in power flexibly. Request side and Costs of Production The expansion in populace and the industrialization of the Australian economy has caused an ascent in the interest for power. Enhancements in innovation has likewise brought about the advancement of numerous gear that utilization power. The conclusion of coal plants has left power to be the primary substitute for power gracefully. The administration is attempting to improve the inclusion of the zone provided by power, this has prompted expanded expenses of transmission. The shafts, lines and the work spent for systems administration are at significant expenses in the present time frame. Firms need to charge more significant expenses so as to take care of this expenses without presenting dangers to their overall revenues. Stephanie Smail Quote He reprimands developing expenses at the cost increment demonstrates that the creation costs are answerable at rising power costs The administration is anticipating moving responsibility for sole force supplier for sole supplier. In spite of the fact that there are a few contentions this would help in bringing down the power costs, this thought is confronted with a lot of pundits. The legislature has an essential job of guaranteeing most extreme social government assistance. Hence, when the force organization is in its possession, the costs charged are reasonable and moderate. The private area is constantly keen on augmenting the profits from business tasks and are less worried about the social government assistance. Along these lines there is a likelihood that they will charge more significant expenses. Mr. Imprint Mcgowan contended against privatization on the based that utilities sold in Western Australia winds up falling in remote possession. He likewise contended against the private segment keeping up lower power costs. The prominent that before Alinta Gas and Westrail Freight were offered to private finan cial specialists, there was a guarantee this would help in pushing down the cost yet this never occurred after it selling took place.[11] Mcgowan cited that the experience of privatized utilities is that costs go up which is an unmistakable clarification that its absolutely impossible a private provider of utilities may help push costs down. Suggestions The administration ought to force hostile to cost gouging laws on power costs; however ought to likewise enhance the law by empowering creation of power from different assets, for example, wind and sun oriented. The legislature ought to likewise guarantee that duty charged on utilities is low; power has an inelastic interest to value changes and along these lines higher taxation rate are effectively moved to the shoppers. The legislature ought to likewise guarantee that the creation costs for utilities makers are low. Privatization of utilities is definitely not a smart thought and hence the legislature ought to stay away from the idea that privatizing the business would bring about bringing down of costs. The administration ought to keep up the full responsibility for organizations fo

Analysis of Dubai Aviation Model. ( Paper subject is Strategy) Essay

Examination of Dubai Aviation Model. ( Paper subject is Strategy) - Essay Example It is a significant aeronautics center point in the Middle East, and is the principle air terminal of Dubai, the second biggest city of United Arab Emirates. Since the starting of Emirates, the national banner bearer of United Arab Emirates, in March 1985, as indicated by Business Analysis, â€Å"Dubai-based Emirates Airline,. . . is one of the quickest developing and most reliably productive transporters in avionics history†. With a beginning up capital of $10 million and 2 rented planes from Pakistan International Airlines, which were in this way returned in 1987, the carrier has now developed to in excess of 148 armadas and still intends to have 320 by 2018 and 400 by 2020. Dubai International Airport is the command post of Emirates and is worked by the Department of Civil Aviation, an administration claimed organization. Emirates by the way is overseen by The Emirates Group under the property of Investment Corporation of Dubai, a venture arm of the legislature of Dubai. In light of the prior data, plainly the legislature of Dubai assumes a significant job in the accomplishment of the said substances. These two substances are significant components of Dubai’s development and improvement. With Dubai Strategic Plan 2015 built up in 2006 by Dubai ruler Sheik Mohammed container Rashid Al Maktoum, as the core values in their techniques and choices, objectives and targets were practiced as needs be. It is a groundwork for Dubai for the post-oil time by solidly setting up it as a main goal for visitors as well as for exchange fairs and gatherings and other income creating focuses, for example, proficient administrations, money related, and coordinations and circulation center point. This paper will clarify the variables that represent the accomplishment of Dubai’s flight segment. The Oxford Economics report that Dubai‘s flying model works on account of a blend of variables, including a national

How to Proofread an Essay Tips, Examples, Mistakes

A Perfect Essay: Proofread It Now Proofreading is the last stage of preparing your essay. Here you check the text for grammar mistakes, misspelling, lack of any words and other similar things. Don’t think it’s too easy that you can do it in a few seconds. The human mind works the way that it doesn’t notice if there are letters missing in the word when looking through the text. Or it can draw a complete picture in your mind even if some details are missing in the text. How to proofread an argument essay? Many students don’t care about the proofreading and let the software do the job. However, they get negative reviews of their essays. It’s clear that you feel tired and a bit exhausted after writing the essay, but proofreading essay is something that you cannot refuse doing. Your teacher won’t appreciate your hard work if there are no commas or no articles where needed. How to proofread and edit my essay? It takes time. And it can take a lot of your time. So be ready for it. Proofreading is something more than viewing the text with your eyes, we’ll give you some tips to make the process faster rand less painful. So how to proofread an essay? Keep a Proofreader’s log It’s impossible to notice every single mistake in a big text. So you should try to learn what kind of mistakes you make more often and you will take care of them first in the new essay. Write down all your grammar and spelling mistakes on a separate sheet of paper and calculate the repeating ones. Now think how you can correct them and avoid repeating them in the future. Read aloud When you’re reading aloud, your ears turn into the error locators. The tempo of your reading becomes slower so you can notice the mistakes you haven’t caught with your eyes. You can ask your friend to read the essay and listen to how it’s being read. If your friend can’t read it fluently, there might be a problem with the sentences structure or some words are missing. Use a spellchecker Use it to proofread your essay online for free or for money. It’s up to you. Or you can use the software that you will install onto your computer. Don’t worry, no one ever uses the texts that you give them for checking. It’s not saved until you want it. However, keep in mind that the word can be written correctly from the point of view of the spell checker, but it has a wrong letter. Print it If it’s too difficult for you to proofread my college essay in front of your screen, you can print it. You can use a pen, a pencil, a highlighter or anything else that you want. You can try each mean to see what fits you most of all. And you don’t have to sit by the table to look for mistakes. Your body should be relaxed and in a comfortable position. Typical mistakes that students make Now you know how to check the text for errors. But what are the most popular kinds of mistakes that most students make in their essays? Let’s take a close look at college essay proofreading. No thesis. It means you haven’t presented the topic of the essay and your attitude towards it. Put a thesis in the last sentence of the first paragraph. No evidence. It means there’s nothing that could prove your opinion. You have to prove your ideas with the quotes from books, magazines or newspapers. No conclusion. It means that you’ve only stated some thoughts and some evidence and you haven’t summarized everything. Add a little paragraph at the end of the essay where you should sum up all your ideas. No structure. It means there are no separate introduction, body and conclusion. You shouldn’t make too big paragraphs as they are hard to read. Break the text into logical units to make it look better. No transitions. It means that paragraphs have nothing in common. You should end each paragraph with the beginning of the next one and you should begin a new paragraph with the ending of the previous one. No proper punctuation. Commas separate two clauses in one sentence. You can use it for listing items. And so on. Be careful with each sentence. The longer it is the more punctuation marks will be needed. Submit your essay for proofreading If you lack time or efforts, don’t kill your nerves and give your essay to an expert for proofreading. You will get this job done very quickly. Proofreading is not the same as writing and you cannot always notice that you’ve made a mistake. Let an experienced proofreader (yes, there’s such a job besides writers) look through your work, criticize it if needed and correct all the mistakes. If you wish, your mistakes can be commented so you won’t repeat them in the future. So relax and have some rest, you deserve it after writing the essay.

Obsidian Hydration - An Inexpensive, but Problematic Dating Technique

Obsidian hydration dating (or OHD) is a scientific dating technique, which uses the understanding of the geochemical nature of the volcanic glass (a silicate) called obsidian  to provide both relative and absolute dates on artifacts. Obsidian outcrops all over the world, and was preferentially used by stone tool makers because it is very easy to work with, it is very sharp when broken, and it comes in a variety of vivid colors, black, orange, red, green and clear. Fast Facts: Obsidian Hydration Dating Obsidian Hydration Dating (OHD) is a scientific dating technique using the unique geochemical nature of volcanic glasses.  The method relies on the measured and predictable growth of a rind that forms on the glass when first exposed to the atmosphere.  Issues are that rind growth is dependent on three factors: ambient temperature, water vapor pressure, and the chemistry of the volcanic glass itself.  Recent improvements in measurement and analytical advances in water absorption promise to resolve some of the issues.   How and Why Obsidian Hydration Dating Works Obsidian contains water trapped in it during its formation. In its natural state, it has a thick rind  formed by the diffusion of the water into the atmosphere when it first cooled—the technical term is hydrated layer. When a fresh surface of obsidian is exposed to the atmosphere, as when it is broken to make a stone tool, more water is absorbed and the rind begins to grow again.  That new rind is visible and can be measured under high-power magnification (40–80x). Prehistoric rinds can vary from less than 1 micron ( µm) to more than 50  µm, depending on the length of time of exposure.  By measuring the thickness one can easily determine if a particular artifact is older than another (relative age). If the rate at which water diffuses into the glass for that particular chunk of obsidian is known (thats the tricky part), you can use OHD to determine the absolute age of objects. The relationship is disarmingly simple: Age DX2, where Age is in years, D is a constant and X is the hydration rind thickness in microns. Defining the Constant Obsidian, natural volcanic glass exhibiting rind, Montgomery Pass, Mineral County, Nevada. John Cancalosi / Oxford Scientific / Getty Images Its nearly a sure bet that everybody who ever made stone tools and knew about obsidian and where to find it, used it: as a glass, it breaks in predictable ways and creates supremely sharp edges. Making stone tools out of raw obsidian breaks the rind and starts the obsidian clock counting. The measurement of rind growth since the break can be done with a piece of equipment that probably already exists in most laboratories. It does sound perfect doesnt it? The problem is, the constant (that sneaky D up there) has to combine at least three other factors that are known to affect the rate of rind growth: temperature, water vapor pressure, and glass chemistry. The local temperature fluctuates daily, seasonally and over longer time scales in every region on the planet. Archaeologists recognize this and started creating an Effective Hydration Temperature (EHT) model to track and account for the effects of temperature on hydration, as a function of annual mean temperature, annual temperature range and diurnal temperature range. Sometimes scholars add in a depth correction factor to account for the temperature of buried artifacts, assuming the underground conditions are significantly different than surface ones–but the effects havent been researched too much as of yet. Water Vapor and Chemistry The effects of variation in water vapor pressure in the climate where an obsidian artifact has been found have not been studied as intensively as the effects of temperature. In general, water vapor varies with elevation, so you can typically assume that water vapor is constant within a site or region. But OHD is troublesome in regions like the Andes mountains of South America, where people brought their obsidian artifacts across enormous changes in altitudes, from the sea level coastal regions to the 4,000-meter (12,000-foot) high mountains and higher. Even more difficult to account for is differential glass chemistry in obsidians. Some obsidians hydrate faster than others, even within the exact same depositional environment. You can source obsidian (that is, identify the natural outcrop where a piece of obsidian was found), and so you can correct for that variation by measuring the rates in the source and using those to create source-specific hydration curves. But, since the amount of water within obsidian can vary even within obsidian nodules from a single source, that content can significantly affect age estimates. Water Structure Research Methodology to adjust the calibrations for the variability in climate is an emergent technology in the 21st century. New methods critically evaluate the depth profiles of hydrogen on the hydrated surfaces using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The internal structure of the water content in obsidian has been identified as a highly influential variable which controls the rate of water diffusion at ambient temperature. It has also been found that such structures, like water content, vary within the recognized quarry sources.  Ã‚   Coupled with a more precise measuring methodology, the technique has the potential to increase the reliability of OHD, and provide a window into the evaluation of local climatic conditions, in particular paleo-temperature regimes.   Obsidian History Obsidians measurable rate of rind growth has been recognized since the 1960s. In 1966, geologists Irving Friedman, Robert L. Smith and William D. Long published the first study, the results of experimental hydration of obsidian from the Valles Mountains of New Mexico. Since that time, significant advancement in the recognized impacts of water vapor, temperature and glass chemistry has been undertaken, identifying and accounting for much of the variation, creating higher resolution techniques to measure the rind and define the diffusion profile, and invent and improved new models for EFH and studies on the mechanism of diffusion. Despite its limitations, obsidian hydration dates are far less expensive than radiocarbon, and it is a standard dating practice in many regions of the world today. Sources Liritzis, Ioannis, and Nikolaos Laskaris. Fifty Years of Obsidian Hydration Dating in Archaeology. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 357.10 (2011): 2011–23. Print.Nakazawa, Yuichi. The Significance of Obsidian Hydration Dating in Assessing the Integrity of Holocene Midden, Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Quaternary International 397 (2016): 474–83. Print.Nakazawa, Yuichi, et al. A Systematic Comparison of Obsidian Hydration Measurements: The First Application of Micro-Image with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to the Prehistoric Obsidian. Quaternary International  (2018). Print.Rogers, Alexander K., and Daron Duke. Unreliability of the Induced Obsidian Hydration Method with Abbreviated Hot-Soak Protocols. Journal of Archaeological Science 52 (2014): 428–35. Print.Rogers, Alexander K., and Christopher M. Stevenson. Protocols for Laboratory Hydration of Obsidian, and Their Effect on Hydration Rate Accuracy: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study. Journal of Archaeological Scie nce: Reports 16 (2017): 117–26. Print.Stevenson, Christopher M., Alexander K. Rogers, and Michael D. Glascock. Variability in Obsidian Structural Water Content and Its Importance in the Hydration Dating of Cultural Artifacts. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 23 (2019): 231–42. Print.Tripcevich, Nicholas, Jelmer W. Eerkens, and Tim R. Carpenter. Obsidian Hydration at High Elevation: Archaic Quarrying at the Chivay Source, Southern Peru. Journal of Archaeological Science 39.5 (2012): 1360–67. Print.

Hiv Is Not A New Disease - 1754 Words

HIV is not a new disease that everyone is talking about these days. This disease each year produces approximately 50,000 new infections and of these new infections, gay males and the black population are the two categories that produce the highest rate of infections. Overall, since the beginning of the epidemic decades ago, over 300,000 gay males have gone from HIV to AIDS and eventually have died from this disease (â€Å"HIV in the United States: At A Glance,† 2014). With this information showing the number of infections and deaths, it is without a doubt that there is a stigma that exists for HIV diagnoses by sexual orientation and race. The accepted view of HIV stigma is that it will affect the overall control of the infection treatment†¦show more content†¦There is also concern of an infected individual telling others, namely their partner, about their status out of fear they will be rejected (Jeffries et al., 2015). What are the conditions and standards used a s indicators of this problem of stigmatizing individuals that are living with HIV? Conditions that affect HIV infection stigma are common and a matter of fact. The sources of stigma can be simply fear of the infection itself, fear of getting the disease from another individual or even death from infection. This stigma specifically is seen in every aspect of an HIV infected individuals life as it could come from their social worker, maybe the people they work with at their job, someone that takes care of them, or simply, the general population itself (Brown, Macintyre, Trujillo, 2003). Furthermore, the standards when reviewing the peer-reviewed articles in order to write this paper, shows an adequate standard as to what stigma and HIV infection is and why it is a problem. When looking at stigma and HIV infections, the distribution is globally. Here in the U.S., in addition to the individual issues someone with HIV can face when dealing with stigma, as a society we can see HIV s tigma in laws, what people are saying about HIV, denial of housing, denial to health services, and so on (Tomaszewski, 2012). In a 2002-2003 study conducted in

summer over the rainbow free essay sample

Objective: Use a personal observation (your own experience, something youve witnessed), or a set of related observations, to illustrate and comment upon scholarly ideas and explanation. Where its found: Whatever name it goes by, the observation-reflection essay is regularly asigned in introductory classes or at the beginning of a semester. Outside of academia, it can be a model for writing opinion columns or personal blogs. Tone of writing: Probably the most autobiographical style of formal essays found in college writing assignments. After all, most of the essay involves telling a personal story. Weight given to scholarly discussion: Although the first thing an instructor often notices is your correct use of concepts, theory and ideas from the class, these take up relatively little space in this essay style — in a 3-4 page paper, generally the first paragraph and the concluding paragraph(s). Use primary texts sparingly, all the while showing your command of and close attention to these materials. We will write a custom essay sample on summer over the rainbow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Weight given to empirical material: Most of the observational-reflection paper is devoted to relating a personal story. Transitions from the general/scholarly introduction into your personal observations and then back are particularly important. Beyond telling a coherent story, pay attention to introducing key details in your observations that illustrate the scholarly materials supporting your analysis. Weight given to personal references: Its almost impossible not to use I in this essay style, as both author of the essay and protagonist of the story. Personal reflection also surfaces as you show interest in/respond to scholarly ideas that your story complicates or rejects. Breadth vs. depth of argument: As in many writing formats, its preferable not to shape your narrative around the big picture or overarching arguments from scholarly materials. Instead, demonstrate your close  attention to these materials by illustrating and elaborating particular claims — in a 3-4 page paper, maybe one or two claims — from the readings or class discussion. Try to exhibit your command of overarching arguments through fluency in particular details that you choose. Tricks of the trade: Of all the essay styles in the social sciences, the observation-reflection essay most closely corresponds to the students experience of reading or engaging scholarly materials, since we often make sense of an idea by trying it out using our own experiences or observations. However, the essay shouldnt literally narrate this reading experience. A useful conceit is to propose to illustrate an idea or argument thats of general interest to your readers, using a case-study example that — hey, how convenient is that! — just happens to come from your personal observation

Thermal Energy Essay Example For Students

Thermal Energy Essay Lab #7: Thermal EnergyHeat is thermal energy being transferred from one place to another, because of temperature changes. This can take place by three processes. These three processes are known as conduction, convection, and radiation. When we place two objects with different temperatures in contact with each other, the heat from the hotter object will immediately and automatically flow to the colder object. This is known as conduction. Some objects make excellent conductors of heat while others make poor conductors of heat or excellent insulators. Silver, copper, and gold make excellent conductors of heat. Foams and plastics make good insulators of heat but make poor conductors. Last night for dinner, I made myself a grilled cheese sandwich and a bowl of tomato soup. I heated the soup faster than I cooked the sandwich so I poured the hot soup into a bowl and finished cooking the sandwich. Once I was done cooking, I gabbed the soup bowl and burned my hand. The heat from the soup made the bowl hot. This is an example of conduction. We will write a custom essay on Thermal Energy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The process of conduction between a solid surface and a moving liquid or gas is called convection. The motion of the fluid may be natural or forced. If a liquid or gas is heated, its mass per unit volume generally decreases. If the liquid or gas is in a gravitational field, the hotter, lighter fluid rises while the colder, heavier fluid sinks. For example, when water in a pan is heated from below on my stove, the liquid closest to the bottom expands and its density decreases. The hot water as a result rises to the top and some of the cooler fluid descends toward the bottom, thus setting up a circulatory motion. This is also why the heating of a room by a radiator depends less on radiation than on natural convection currents, the hot air rising upward along the wall and cooler air coming back to the radiator from the side of the bottom. Because of the tendencies of hot air to rise and of cool air to sink, radiators are positioned near the floor and air-conditioning outlets near the ce iling for maximum efficiency. Radiation is fundamentally different from both conduction and convection in that the substances exchanging heat need not be in contact with each other. All substances emit radiant energy merely by virtue of having a positive absolute temperature. The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of energy emitted. In addition to emitting, all substances are capable of absorbing radiation. Thus, although an ice cube is continuously emitting radiant energy, it will melt if a halogen lamp is focused on it because it will be absorbing a greater amount of heat than it is emitting. In addition, surfaces can absorb or reflect incident radiation. Generally, dull, rough surfaces absorb more heat than bright, polished surfaces, and bright surfaces reflect more radiant energy than dull surfaces. In addition, good absorbers are also good emitters; good reflectors, or poor absorbers, are poor emitters. This is why cooking utensils generally have dull bottoms for good absorption and polished side s for minimum emission to maximize the heat transfer into the contents of the pot. Heat and is always being transferred from place to place. Everything on Earth has a temperature above Zero Kelvin so everything on earth contains heat. Without some kind of heat and energy, there would not be life.

Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd Essays

Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd Essays Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd Paper Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd Paper 1. What are the most important issues confronting Sheila Mason? Explain you priority of important issues. The most important issue confronting Sheila is that her previous company, ATS, is claiming she may be in violation of her Employee Noncompetition, Nonsolicitation, Nondisclosure and Development Agreement that she signed when she was hired by the company. The day after she quit she began officially working for her own company, which ATS indicates is in direct competition with its own business. Her agreement with her former employer indicates that she cannot be involved directly or indirectly with another company for a period of one year after leaving ATS that is in competition with ATS. Mason also has another issue with the agreement she signed which states that she cannot, for one year from her termination date of her ATS employment, solicit or do business with any customer of the Company or any potential customer of the Company. So, her first hurdle is going to be to prove that her new business is in no way in competition with ATS. If she succeeds at this, she will then have to ensure that does not speak with any customers that ATS currently holds. This will significantly limit her market for initial sales of the product. Another issue confronting Mason is that she frequently uses her personal laptop for business travel and as such, she syncs her work data with her personal data. ATS, her former company, is now claiming ownership of this data and requesting that she turn it back over to the company. Within this collection of data there is likely revealing information relating to her new venture. This could give ATS all the proof they need in order to charge her with the violation of the agreement she signed with the company. This issue should be her least priority at the moment because if she is careful, she can ensure that no information relating to her new venture is ever transferred to ATS. 2. What are the most important issues confronting Craig Shepherd? Explain your priority of important issues. The most important issue confronting Shepherd is that his current employer, Nova, is claiming all rights to his invention. This was a direct result of Shepherd disclosing information to his boss that revealed his invention. This is by far the most pressing issue for Shepherd because if he is unable to fully protect his invention from his employer, none of the remaining issues even matter. Nova does not develop any type of translation engine themselves, however they are in the business of rewriting applications to run on new systems. This demonstrates to Nova that Shepherd could have used knowledge gained while working at Nova to develop the translation engine. This also brings up the issue of the translation engine he developed being in direct competition with Novas current business. Another issue confronting Shepherd is that the software he created, even though it was development during his own personal time using his own personal machine, it was created while he was currently an employee at Nova. Disclosing this information to his employer gives them enough justification to claim ownership of that software. As agreed by Shepherd when joining Nova, they claim all ownership of any ideas or software that Shepherd generates while he is an employee of the company. 3. What is your evaluation of the non-disclosure agreement (NDA)? Would you sign this as a venture capitalist? Why or why not? The non-disclosure agreement presented by Mason and Shepherd seeks to safe guard their idea, such that the venture capital firm is legally unable to implement Mason and Shepherds idea themselves or disclose the idea to any other parties. The problem with the NDA is that it cannot prevent the idea from being implement by another party. However, if the idea is implemented it by another party after receiving the information, it gives Mason and Shepherd legal precedence to claim that they acted in violation of the NDA itself which will strongly support their case if they must take the other parties to court. As a VC, I would not consider signing the NDA. This would only create unnecessary costs and complexity for the venture capital firm along with the associated potential legal issues that could arise. The VC would need to hire a team of lawyers solely to ensure they are not violating the terms of the NDA. This would also require them to review their entire investment portfolio to ensure that none of the products they current have a stake in are in no way similar to the product that Mason and Shepherd are presenting to the firm. Simply put, this would create undue problems for the VC that would otherwise be nonexistent. Also, from another perspective, presenting the NDA to a VC would cast Mason and Shepherd in a negative light as it would indicate they dont necessarily understand the VC process. This would deter the VCs from investing in the product even without having to sign the nondisclosure agreement due to the friction it created. 4. What actions do you recommend that Mason and Shepherd take to guard against the appropriation of their ideas in the absence of an NDA? Mason and Shepherd should seek to secure a patent that would protect the intellectual property that they have developed so far. Shepherd has already development a working proof of concept, which can be used for filing the patent. While their idea is not patentable itself, the technology they have already created may be patentable. The technology they have already created provides a fairly simple solution to the complex problem of creating the translation engine. If this technology is patented, they will have a significant head start on any competitors that may try to create their own translation engine. The competitors would be deterred from initiating this venture due to the increased complexity of development of the translation engine since they would not be able to used the easier approach that Mason and Shepherd lay claim to. If Mason and Shepherd are unable to secure patent protection for their IP, they should simply proceed as aggressively as possible. Instead of defending themselves upfront, they must take an offensive strategy and bring the product to market as quickly as possible. This aggressive strategy will help ensure they always remain ahead of any competition that may exist. Once they control the initial market, it will be much more difficult for any competitors to try to break into that market. 5. What actions do you recommend that employees take to terminate their employment relationship with current employers? Relating to Mason and Shepherd: Mason and Shepherd should immediately terminate their relationship with their employers. However, at this point in the process, I dont believe that they are equipped with the knowledge and expertise to sever this relationship appropriately while also putting them in the best possible position for protection. They should immediately acquire an attorney experienced in this area of practice to draft their resignation letters and handle all further communication between the parties. Relating to employees in general: Employees should never disclose any knowledge of ideas, intellectual property, or any information relating to something they have developed or will develop to any employee of their company. Any information provided only serves as ammunition to the employer with which they can use to build a case against you and attempt to claim any such property. Employees should also seek to terminate their relationship with their employer as soon as possible. If there is any such suspicion that the employer may attempt to seek claim to property or seek some violation of non-compete by the employee, an attorney should always be involved as mentioned above. This presents complex situations which the employees are unprepared to handle on their own without legal advice.

Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Term Paper

Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World - Term Paper Example The end use customers of the products offered by the company are also stakeholders who are impacted by the operations of the company. It can also be seen that the regulatory authorities who oversee the operations of the company are also regarded as the other stakeholders in this particular case. 2. The concept of ethics is primarily concerned with differentiating between something that is good from bad (Robbins, 1993). By any standard, it can be seen that the conduct of PharmaCare in Colberia is unethical as a result of the fact that the indigenous population is treated in a bad manner compared to its executives. First and foremost, it can be seen that the healers in this area have volunteered to give their knowledge for free whilst the company is generating lots of revenue from this practice. The other issue is that these indigenous workers work for only $1 per day and they walk for five miles into the jungle to harvest the plants required for manufacturing medicine. These indigenou s people also carry heavy loads on their backs which can weigh as much as 20 pounds. The other issue of concern is that the indigenous workers live in primitive huts that do not have electricity or running water. Overall, the activities of the company in Colberia have destroyed the habitat in the area as well as endangered native species. However, the executives of PharmaCare live in a luxury compound that is comprised of a tennis court, golf course and swimming pool. The compound is electrified and it has running water. This is in stark contrast with the miserable lives being led by the majority of the residents of Colberia who are also the labourers at the above mentioned company. This practice amounts to exploitation and it should not be condoned since it is designed to enrich other people at the expense of the local people who should also benefit from their natural resources. The practice by the company shows that it does not take into account the concept of corporate social res ponsibility in its practice since it totally ignores the needs and interests of the indigenous people who are also supposed to be beneficiaries from the resources that are being plundered by a foreign company. 3. Allen has no legal basis to fire Ayesha, Donna and Tom. These people raised genuine issues that should be dealt with in an amicable way instead of firing them. Ayesha raised a complaint that she has not been promoted by virtue of being a Muslim. This is regarded as discrimination and it has no room in a democracy. All employees should be treated as equal and important to the organization. Donna got sick from the bad working environment in the company and filed for worker’s compensation. This is a genuine case given that the employer has an obligation to make sure that the workplace environment is safe and clean for the benefit of the employees. Thom has also threatened to file a complaint with OSHA as a result of the poor working environment of PharmaCare Company. Ac cording to the United States Department of Labour (nd), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Act of 1970 states that companies must ensure â€Å"safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women.† It can be seen that Allen cannot legally fire the three mentioned people above since they have genuine complaints. Otherwise, any attempt to fire them will discredit the company since it may be viewed as engaging in unethical practices by different

The Steps of a Refugee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Steps of a Refugee - Essay Example Leaving was not pleasant for them, but the alternative was something called â€Å"ethnic cleansing.† (Merriam-Webster) This is their story, told a year after they arrived here. I replaced their names with Husband, Wife, Son and Daughter because their ethnicity is irrelevant to the needs and challenges of refugees. Their experience is representative of many refugees who come to the US, no matter where they come from. There are more than 43 million forcibly displaced persons worldwide. (UNHCR) We call them refugees and this is the story of one family. do not remember the point at which I knew we must become refugees. We could hear reports of the killings and knew it was only a matter time before the rebels arrived in our area. After much discussion, we decided that fleeing to the US was the best choice, in spite of the difficulties, because we wanted a better future for Son and Daughter. I knew the war would destroy the country and tens of thousands would flee to [neighboring co untry], overwhelming the resources and saturating the labor market.

Activists Beyond Borders Essay Example for Free

Activists Beyond Borders Essay Contemporary approaches to international relations have been widely regarded as ineffective public policy initiatives based on ideological political agendas as opposed to practical and innovative social activism.   In their landmark book, Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink offer both an insightful theoretical background and a multi-disciplinary guide to achieving progressive activism that transcends the traditional methods (failures) of international governmental agencies and governments themselves. With this essay I will lay out the basis for the book with the hopes of highlighting its strengths as well as pointing out possible shortcomings in an attempt to demonstrate the always challenging effort to combine forces for a common social agenda. The major strength of the book is fortified by its willingness to critique the previous short-sided solutions put forth by international governmental institutions such as the World Health Organization and the International Monetary Fund. Their argument, based on the cultural shift of the 1960’s and accelerated through the technological innovations that facilitate both global and local communicative strategies and alliances, points toward transnational advocacy networks that ‘carry and re-frame ideas, insert them in policy debates, pressure for regime formation, and enforce existing norms and rules, at the same time that they try to influence particular domestic political issues’ (p. 199).   In this way, they are trying to both work around the existing discourse of international policy while at the same time trying to reform the discussion from within, albeit via non-governmental organizations. This idealism can also be the shortcoming of the book as well because it breaks apart the mythological unified dimension of international advocacy groups .   The nature of the transnational advocacy groups necessitates the fragmentation of a unified group that could possibly carry the necessary force to grab the headlines and attention of groups such as the WHO and IMF.   By leaving their argument based on a symbolic narrative of ‘transnational advocacy groups’ but leaving out possibly critiques against them, the authors unfortunately invite further critique, even from parties that ideally agree with them, like myself. One notable success story, a very tragic one at base, is the example of Cindy Sheehan and her epic battle to gain international support for trying to bring an end to the war in Iraq.   She has been fearless in her fight and in doing so has mobilized thousands of supporters throughout the international community as well as garnering a wealth of complementary media coverage that leverages her cause against an extremely vulnerable an emotionally taxing target.   Her extreme measures and lack of fear have on the one hand created a groundswell of public admiration and support, but at the same time she has run the risk of overexposure and the resulting media backlash by over saturating her symbolic politics. This is a fine line that Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink acknowledge in their research and it is part and parcel to the overall struggle that transnational advocacy groups face in their battle to garner the necessary support of intellectuals, parallel advocacy groups, sympathetic non-governmental agencies, and ultimately the financial and ideological backing of official governmental policy groups that hold the power to enact and enforce the changes that are being fought for.

The Environmental Disasters of War Essay -- Iraq War Environment Damag

The Environmental Disasters of War The war in Iraq is a battle that will have many aftereffects. The land, air and water will no doubtingly be targeted. It is inevitable that the war will tale no toll on the environment. The use of weapons of mass destruction is one of the causes for the disastrous outcome that may occur from the war. They contain many hazardous chemicals that will target the environment and cause waste products to be contained in the atmosphere. Weapons of mass destruction will also destroy the layout of the environment, as bombings will destroy many of the earth’s natural resources. These events are the two major effects that will stir from the battle for peace in Iraq. It is fairly expected that these problems cannot be avoided with the manner that the war is being executed. Damage to the earth will occur, and the harm will be enormous. One of the most prominent problems that can have major impact on the environment is that Iraq contains many oil wells around the country. These oil wells have the potential to be seized and used as a large scale destruction device. Should the oil wells be destroyed, there will be a massive disaster area, which can span for miles and miles, and still have effect on other countries. The worry is that because there are so many targeted wells, the effects will be on a extremely larger scale than the oil damage that happened to Kuwait in 1991, as it â€Å"left some parts of Kuwait still lifeless more than a decade later† (Keefe, 2003). An oil spill will target the two main rivers in Iraq, the Tigris and Euphrates, and there are fears that â€Å"Saddam will divert oil into the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, rendering them useless†(Vallis, 2003). These rivers are the main source of fresh... ...ks Cited Cevallos Diego. â€Å"Iraq: Environment Would be Another Victim of War.† Tierramerica. Mar. 5, 2003: 4pp. Lexis Nexis. Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA. March 29, 2003. http://web.lexis-nexis.com Keefe, Bob. â€Å"War In The Gulf: Scene in Iraq: The Environment.† Cox Washington Bureau. Mar. 21, 2003: p.9A . Lexis Nexis. Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA. March 29, 2003. http://web.lexis-nexis.com Pianin, Eric. â€Å"Environmental Damages a Concern: Experts Fear Effects of War on Persian Gulf could be Irreversible.† The Washington Post. Mar. 20, 2003: p.A21. Lexis Nexis. Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA. March 29, 2003. http://web.lexis-nexis.com Vallis, Mary. â€Å"Disaster in the Desert.† National Post. Mar. 21, 2003. : p A18. Lexis Nexis. Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA. March 29, 2003. http://web.lexis-nexis.com

Intro to Accounting Notes

Business Environment Accounting: The information system that measures business activities, processes the information Into reports, and communicates the results to decision makers. Two Major Fields of Accounting: 1 ) Financial Accounting: The field of accounting that focuses on providing information for external decision makers. 2) Managerial Accounting: The field of accounting that focuses on providing information for internal decision makers. Certified Public Accountants (Spas): Licensed professional accountants who serve the mineral public.Certified Management Accountants (Camas): Certified professionals who specialize in accounting and financial management knowledge that typically work for a single company. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FAST): private organization that oversees the creation and governance of accounting standards. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): the US government agency that oversees the US financial markets. Generally Accepted Accounting Principl es (GAP): the main US accounting rule book, created and governed by the FAST.Cost Principle: states that acquired assets and services should be recorded at their actual cost. Going Concern Assumption: assumes that the entity will remain in operation for the foreseeable future. Accounting Equation: Assets-Liableness + Equity Assets: an economic resource that is expected to benefit the business in the future. Liabilities: debts that are owed to creditors. Retained Earnings: capital earned by profitable operations off corporation that is not distributed to stockholders. Net Income: the result of operations that occurs when total revenues are greater Han total expenses.Revenues: amounts earned from delivering goods or services to customers. Expenses: the cost of selling goods or services. Steps to Analyze a Transaction Assets Liabilities + Equity (Contributed Capital & Retained Earnings) Cash + Acts Race + Supplies+Land = Acts Payable + Common Stock – Dividends + Revenue – Expenses 1) Identify the accounts & account type -Cash (Asset) & Common Stock (Equity) 2) Decide if each account increases or decreases 3) Determine if the accounting equation is in balanceAccounts Payable: a short term liability that will be paid in the future Accounts Receivable: business expects to receive cash in the future from customers for goods sold or services performed. 4 Types of Financial Statements 1) Income Statement: Reports net income/net loss of business for specific period 2) Statement of Retained Earnings: Reports how the company's retained earnings balance changed from the beginning to the end of the period. 3) Balance Sheet: Reports on the assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity of the business as of a pacific date. ) Statement of Cash Flows: Reports on the business's cash receipts and cash payments for a specific period. Return on Assets (ROAR): measures how profitably a company uses its assets. Return on Assets = Net income/Average total assets Average Total Assets = Beginning total assets + ending total assets 12 4 Reasons Stockholders Equity Can Change: Stockholders equity is broken out into two components, contributed capital and retained earnings, as shown in the accounting equation. The basic component of contributed stock capital is stock.

Grapes of Wrath - Henry Liddy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2159 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Grapes of Wrath Essay Did you like this example? Produced by Darryl Zanuck, The Grapes of Wrath is a film with a simple plot, covering the timeless issues of social justice, inequality of wealth, and famine. The film follows the Joad Family and their friends as they migrate westward from their parched farms and destroyed lands to the opportunity of California. The family has heard there are jobs to be filled in The Golden State. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Grapes of Wrath Henry Liddy" essay for you Create order The novel gave rise to some issues people at the time were hesitant to acknowledge such as the conditions of migrant camps along the route from the Dust Bowl to the coast and broader issues revolving around The Great Depression. I will seek to prove that all major parties involved in the making of the film Darryl Zanuck, John Ford, John Steinbeck and Nunnally Johnson wanted to introduce the country to a different kind of film, one which was often times hard to look at, holding up a mirror to a society theyd come to the theater to escape. Proceeding the acquisition of the rights to the book from any major Hollywood studio, protests were already being staged throughout the states portrayed in the novel such as Oklahoma and Illinois. As remembered by Rudy Behlmer from the Alex Film Society,it was banned in several places ordered burned in East St. Louis Illinois, attacked by an Oklahoma congressman, and condemned by the California Chamber of Commerce (1). Protesters went as far as to demand a boycott of all future 20th Century-Fox releases. On top of this controversy, The Agricultural Council of California in tandem with the Associated Farmers of California took out ad space in rural newspapers calling for [the] boycott of a novel which people suspected Hollywood executives had their eyes on (1). Zanuck, unintimidated by the acts of protest, bought the screen rights for $70,000 and quickly sought out talent to carry out the job. Nunnally Johnson was his first hire who was assigned as both an associate producer and screenwriter. Nunnallys take on the film is more hopeful than the novel, as he is quoted saying the only real change I made and I had to make it was in the ending. There had to be some hope (1). Riddled with controversy from the start, Zanuck and Ford used a pseudonym for the film, Highway 66. The production was referred to by this title in the script and by those on-set. Steinbecks novel left people in the Dust Bowl feeling misrepresented as it cast them as desperate, living an archaic way of life. Oklahoma Congressman Lyde Bored went as far to call the book a lie, a black, infernal creation of a twisted, distorted mind (2). No one involved with the making of the film seemed to want to cause harm, but instead, to begin a conversation. This is not entirely true though, as Zanuck did encourage the controversy by perpetuating the argument over censorship, as he thought it would bring the project notoriety. I will begin by talking about John Steinbeck, a beloved and prolific author responsible for some of the most recognizable pieces of social-political work such as Animal Farm, Of Mice and Men, East of Eden, and of course, The Grapes of Wrath, all of which were carried from page to screen. Steinbeck was known to have a knack for the way people spoke, picking up phrases and jargon as he observed each new group of people. In 1962, just six years prior to his young death, Steinbeck was awarded a Nobel Prize in Literature for his revealing humor and keen social perception (5). Born in California, Steinbeck would build a career writing critically about American life, specifically west-coast living. Steinbeck had the particular skill of empathizing with a way of life foreign to his own. His work was usually more interested in the layman world rather than that of the bourgeoisie. In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck pens the story of two migrant workers who move to California looking for work during the Great Depression. This premise, which is strikingly similar to The Grapes of Wrath, remained the main lane Steinbeck traveled in, infrequently deviating beyond these fields of interest. Regardless, he did groundbreaking work in these fields, stirring controversy with nearly every release. His focus on the underdog often teetered into sympathy which the average American reader was unwilling to grapple with. Author Warren French, in his book Filmguide to Grapes of Wrath, claims Steinbecks novelprovided him a perfect vehicle for exploiting Americans guilt about social inequality (2). Despite this, he was accused on multiple occasions of misrepresenting the groups of people he chose to write about. Director of Wrath, John Ford, had similar controversy surrounding his name, as he was one of the pioneers and frequent users of the western genre. Fords filmography is cluttered with stories of nameless Native Americans and glamorized cowboys typical of the genre at the time, which has in modern years been properly problematized. Despite the convoluted politics surrounding his work, it isnt to say that Ford was a man unconcerned with justice or morality. In fact, he regarded himself an Irish Rebel indebted to the lower class and hellbent on doing them justice through accurate representation and relevant issues. He is quoted saying, I like, as a director and spectator, simple, direct, frank films. Nothing disgusts me more than snobbism, mannerism, technical gravity and, most of all, intellectualism (5). For this reason, Ford made films that were accessible to all, not veiled in some ambiguous artistic cloak. Ford considered himself an Irish rebel due to the influence his heritage had on him. He sympathized with the Irish and their history, particularly an era when the population was living under British occupation for 100s of years. According to Joseph McBride in his biography Searching for John Ford, Ford despised cops for this reason (6). He was particularly sympathetic to the years his ancestors spent in famine, citing that as a reason he moved forward with the screen transition of Wrath (6). But, when Wrath was released, theatergoers at the time were more used to escapism and grand-scale action so Wrath served as a change of pace. Not to say that Ford was alone in picking at the threads of society the same year Wrath was released, Charlie Chaplin captured the world with the harsh and reflexive The Great Dictator. Ford though preferred a more subdued style, letting the content take center stage. This is very much the case with Wrath. The cinematography seems to be the only impositio n of style into the story. Ford was not the only confusing and ever-changing person behind the scenes of Wrath. Darryl Zanuck, similarly to Ford, welcomed controversy. And, when involving Wrath, Zanuck sought it out. After scooping the rights to the novel for $70,000 just a week after publication, Zanuck assured the public, to their dismay, that the film will, in fact, enter production and be released (3). As I briefly covered above, protests were not only invoked by the book but also by talks of a film adaption. After the Studios bidding war, which the public assumed was a stunt to grab the rights and shelve the book, Zanuck proudly scoffed, Show me the man who can prove I would pay $75,000 to throw away a book and Ill make a movie of him. (3). Zanuck did not act in pure virtue though. It was suspected at the time that Zanuck was hungry for a hit. Following a successful but turbulent stint at Warner Bros., he left the Studio due to financial dissatisfaction and was in search for new work (2). It was not long before he hunkered down at 20th Century Pictures where he got to work on what would be his most discussed adventure The Grapes of Wrath. Zanuck was no stranger to stirring the pot. He incited public outpour in the past with films such as Ham and Eggs at the Front, which featured a character in blackface, and The Fugitive from a Chain Gang, which portrayed the inhuman conditions of prison and sympathized with an outlaw on the run. So, when it came to Wrath, it was only proper that Zanuck leaned into the controversy surrounding it. Now that we have a general understanding of the main players in the saga of Wrath from page to screen, I will now further discuss my findings. Interestingly, Zanuck and Ford took careful consideration of the story and representation despite appearing brandish to the press. Before production began, Zanuck sought to find truth in the Steinbecks desperate portal of the Okies. Zanuck commissioned private investigators to travel slightly east, along the active path of migration. He demanded to know the true conditions of the migrants. They were instructed to go to migrant camps and take notes on what they saw. To his surprise, the investigators came back with a startling revelation the conditions at the camps were drastically worse than displayed in the novel. Knowing this, Zanuck felt more comfortable and compelled to push ahead with the production of Wrath. He was quick to cue in the public on this fact, attempting to ease outrage and encourage anticipation (3). In the lead up to production, with pre-production nearly under wraps, Zanuck and Ford demanded tight-lipped privacy. Multiple measures were taken to ensure the contents of the script and chosen locations were kept secret. Nunnally penned the script under the name Highway 66 and until the product was finished, only three copies were distributed each time: one for Zanuck, one for Ford, and one for Henry Fonda. The copies were to be kept to themselves (2). Once production began, it was also veiled in secrecy. Every copy of the script was collected at the end of each shooting day. Not to mention, a large a portion of the budget was dedicated to replicating the Dust Bowl in the back of a stage lot so the media was unaware of what they were shooting (1). They even went against code formalities and left certain on-location sets unnamed. Much of the reason Zanuck and Ford were insistent on secrecy was due to the brutality of the story they were trying to tell. The public, along with the MPAA, demanded a softer version of Steinbecks novel, one that dismissed much of the profanity in favor of adventure and companionship (3). Despite this desire, the two did not want to dull the cruelty of the novel and promised Steinbeck they would do no such thing. Within the week before Zanuck bought the rights, Steinbeck proclaimed, I am quite sure no picture company would want this new book whole [but] it is not for sale any other way (2). Due to Steinbecks trepidations regarding the adaption and the softening of its content, Zanuck promised him there would be no dodging the grim truth of the book. Following the release, Steinbeck was quick to give his opinion: It looks and feels like a documentary film and certainly it has a hard, truthful rind, No punches were pulled. Zanuck has more than kept his word. He has a hard, straight pi cture. Despite Steinbecks satisfaction and the financial success of the film, the picture was met with polarized critics and fans. Grace Liechinger, in her Wall Street Journal review of the film, claimed it to be,a nihilistic assault on a childs or parents sensibilities. But, in the same vein, many also recognized the importance from its release. In his 1940 review of the film featured in The Evening Herald, Jimmy Starr acclaimed Wrath to bestinging like a dramatic lash across the face John Steinbeck [slurs] at California with Hollywoods most controversial drama (9). Another critic credited the film to a candid presentation of the horrors the migrants faced. Most notably, critic Frank S. Nugent had it right when he claimed Wrath, from the moment of its release, claimed a spot on the shelf along the most vital pictures ever released (10). No matter which angle you look at it from, the film inspired conversation and influence that was rare. In nearly every review published from the release, critics were compelled to talk about the loyalty to the content of the book, whether for good or bad. They also frequently mentioned the controversy that ensued during the bidding war. Critics rarely distanced the film from Steinbeck, as most mentioned and spent time covering the source material and anecdotes from the adaption, as well as credited him with the stark and critical notions of American society which made its way to screen. From reading and assembling reviews, interviews, and books about the subject, it appears Zanuck and Ford wanted to accurately turn a novel concerned with social justice into a film with similar consideration. And, despite the circus that ensued, they delivered a film that was both conscientious of its subjects and the audience. As noted in The Great Film Series, Paul G. Rotha Richard Griffith are quo ted from their book The Film Till Now acknowledging that for the first time, millions of Americans saw their faces, and their fate, on the entertainment screen (8).